Bi- or ter-pyridine tris-substituted benzenes as electron-transporting materials for organic light-emitting devices

We demonstrated that 1,3,5-tris([2',2 '']bipyridin-6'-yl) benzene (BpyB) and 1,3,5-tris([ 2',2 '',6 '',2''']terpyridin-6'-yl)benzene (TpyB) are good electron-transport (ET) layer materials for organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). The new materials exhibit high electron mobilities of around 10 (4) cm(2) V (1) s (1), and OLEDs comprising the materials operate at lower voltage than the OLEDs with tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq) as an ET material. The new materials are also useful for phosphorescent OLEDs in blue-, green-, and red-light-emitting devices, where they function as both electron-transporting and hole-blocking materials. Phosphorescent OLEDs with the new materials operate at lower voltage (while maintaining comparable external quantum efficiencies of electroluminescence) than does the corresponding reference device with bathocuproine/Alq as electron-transporting and hole-blocking layers.ArticleORGANIC ELECTRONICS. 11(12):1966-1973 (2010)journal articl

A study on the flavor components of meat and meat products II. : Low-boiling compounds in barrow's subcutaneous fat depot and fresh lean pork

　生後7カ月の中ヨークシャ一種の去勢牡豚(生体重100 kg) から，右背ロース部(Back and Loin) 5. 65kg を採取し，皮下脂肪部と赤肉部に分けて実験に供した. 　(1)皮下脂肪2. 64kg は等量の蒸留水と共に，攪拌しながら2時間半煮沸蒸留した.水冷却トラップに捕集された低沸点化合物を含む留出水は， 2N ‐燐酸でpH3に調整したあとイソベンタンで抽出して，イソベンタン可溶部と不溶部に分けた.イソベンタン可溶部は，貯蔵容器の上部気相をとって水素炎型ガスクロマトグラフィーで分析した.一方不溶部は5部に分けてそれぞれ誘導体に導き，カルボニル化合物，アルコール，塩基性，酸性および硫黄化合物を分析した.イソオクタン， n-オクタン，アセトアルデヒト，プロピオンアルデヒド， n-プチルアルデヒド， イソバレルアルデヒド， イソヘプチルアルデヒド， グリオキザール，アセトン， メチルイソプロピルケトン， メチルイソプチルケトン， ジアセチル，メタノール， イソプロパノール，第二ブタノール，第三プタノール， nーベンタノール，第三ベンタノール， イソノナノール， イソデカノール， nープロピルメルカプタン， イソアミルメルカプタン， アンモニア，ギ酸イソプロピル，酢酸エチル，酢酸n プロピル，酢酸，プロピオン酸， n- 酪酸，イソ酪酸， n-吉草酸およびイソヘプタノイック酸の存在を確認した. 　(2) 赤肉1.84 kg も皮下脂肪と全く同様にして水蒸気蒸留，イソベンタン抽出を行なって分析した.GCでは2個の小ピークを検出したのみであったが， 誘導体分析においてはn- ブチルアルデヒドおよびイソプロパノールを検出しなかった以外は，成分的にほとんど差異を認めなかった. 　(3) イソベンタン可溶部のTLCにおいて，赤肉はトリグザセライドおよびコレステロールエステルに富み，皮下脂肪は不飽和脂肪酸に富んだ.窒素含量は皮下脂肪の方が約5倍多かった.Roast meat (Back and loin), 5.65 kg, was obtained from the right side of a Middle Yorkshire barrow of seven-month-old, weighing 100 kg. This was separated into the subcutaneous fat depot and fresh lean pork to examine the low-boiling compounds. (1) A portion of the subcutaneous fat depot weighing 2.64 kg was heated with an equal volume of distilled water at lOO"C for 2% hours under constant stirring. The distillate collected in the watercooled trap was adjusted to pH 3 with 2N-phosphoric acid and was extracted with isopentane. The head space vapor of the isopentane soluble fraction, was taken out from the material-storing tube, and was examined in FID-equipped gas chromatograph. From the isopentane insoluble fraction, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone. 3,5-dinitrobenzoate, phenylthiourea, methyl ester and mercury cyanide complex were prepared, which were analyzed by the gas chromatography, TLC and IR etc. The following compounds were thus identified as: isooctane, n-octane, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, isoheptyraldehyde, glyoxal, acetone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diacetyl, methanol, isopropanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, n-pentanol, lerl-pentanol, isononanol, isodecanol, n-propyl mercaptane, isoamyl mercaptane, ammonia, isopropyl formate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, acetic acid, propionic acid, n-butyric acid, isobutyric acid, n-valeric acid and isoheptanoic acid. (2) Fresh lean pork, 1.84 kg, was distilled by steam and analyzed in the same manner as mentioned above. Only two small peaks were detected by the gas chromatography from the head space vapor of the isopentane soluble fraction, but the result obtained by the analysis of derivatives from the isopentane insoluble fraction was the same as that of the subcutaneous fat, lacking only n-butyraldehyde and isopropanol. Thus, the difference between the low-boiling compounds of the subcutaneous fat and the lean pork is not qualitative but only quantitative. (3) It was observed by thin layer chromatography of isopentane extracts that lean pork is rich in triglycerides and cholesterol esters, while subcutaneous fat is rich in unsaturated fatty acids. The nitrogen content of the subcutaneous fat was about five times higher than that of the lean pork

Bipyridyl-substituted benzo[1,2,3]triazoles as a thermally stable electron transporting material for organic light-emitting devices

We developed new electron-transporting materials (ETMs) for organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) based on benzo[1,2,3] triazole and two bipyridines. Four derivatives based on the same skeleton were synthesized with four different substituents: phenyl (BpyBTAZ-Ph), biphenyl (-BP), m-terphenyl (-mTP), and o-terphenyl (-oTP). These BpyBTAZ compounds have good thermal stabilities, and their decomposition temperatures were greater than 410 degrees C, which is significantly higher than that of tris(8-quinolinolato) aluminium (Alq), the conventional OLED material. BpyBTAZ compounds show preferable amorphous nature, and moreover, the glass transition temperatures (T(g)s) of both BpyBTAZ-TP compounds exceed 100 degrees C. Furthermore, BpyBTAZ-BP exhibits no melting point and is fully amorphous. The electron affinities of the materials are as large as 3.3 eV and their electron mobility is sufficiently high. These characteristics accounted for a reduction in the operational voltage of OLEDs with BpyBTAZ compounds compared with the reference device with Alq as an ETM. Specifically, the electron mobility of all the BpyBTAZ compounds exceeds 1 x 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) at an electric field of 1 MV cm(-1). In addition, it was revealed that both BpyBTAZ-TP-based devices showed longer luminous lifetimes and smaller voltage increases during continuous operation at 50 mA cm(-2), compared with the Alq reference device.ArticleJOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. 21(32):11791-11799 (2011)journal articl

Renaturation of the mature subtilisin BPN' immobilized on agarose beads

AbstractWe report here another example of renaturation of subtilisin BPN′(Sbtl) by using an immobilized preparation instead of applying a digestible mutant of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (SSI), a proteinaceous inhibitor of Sbtl [M. Matsubara et al. (1994) FEBS Letters 342, 193–196]. The mature Sbtl was immobilized on agarose beads employing the amino group of the protein. After thorough washing, the immobilized Sbtl was subjected to denaturation in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) at pH 2.4 for 4 h, followed by renaturation in 2 M potassium acetate at pH 6.5 for 24 h. This denaturation/renaturation cycle was repeated five times. The recovered activity of the renatured immobilized Sbtl settled at a constant level after the third denaturation/renaturation cycle, demonstrating that almost 100% renaturation was attained by use of the immobilized Sbtl. This immobilized Sbtl preparation could well be utilized for the mechanistic study of protein folding. We then found that 2 M potassium acetate was superior to 2 M potassium chloride as a refolding medium and that the ability of SSI to induce the correct shape of the mature Sbtl was lacking in several refolding media in both thermodynamic and kinetic criteria. Thus the main cause for the increase of refolding yield of Sbtl by coexistence of SSI was prevention of the autolysis of Sbtl

Intrapulmonary lymph nodes: thin-section CT findings, pathological findings, and CT differential diagnosis from pulmonary metastatic nodules.

We compared the thin-section CT findings of 11 intrapulmonary lymph nodes with pathological findings and evaluated the possibility of CT scan differential diagnosis from pulmonary metastatic nodules. First, we retrospectively reviewed CT scan and pathological findings of intrapulmonary lymph nodes. The median size of these nodules was 6.2 mm. The nodules appeared round (n=3) or angular (n=8) in shape with a sharp border, and they were found below the level of the carina. The median distance from the nearest pleural surface was 4.6 mm, and 3 of the 11 nodules were attached to the pleura. On thin-section CT scan, linear densities extending from the intrapulmonary lymph nodes were frequently visualized, and were pathologically proven to be ectatic lymphoid channels. We then compared the thin-section CT findings of 8 metastatic nodules less than 1 cm in diameter with those of the 11 intrapulmonary lymph nodes. The median size of these nodules was 6.8 mm, and the median distance from the nearest pleural surface was 16 mm. All nodules appeared round in shape. None of the nodules had linear densities extending from the nodules. The linear densities on thin-section CT scan may be the most useful characteristic of intrapulmonary lymph nodes, when differential diagnosis from metastatic nodules is necessary.</p

Benzene substituted with bipyridine and terpyridine as electron-transporting materials for organic light-emitting devices

New electron-transporting materials for organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) based on trisubstituted benzene with both bipyridine and terpyridine, 1,3-bisbipyridyl-5-terpyridylbenzene (BBTB) and 1-bipyridyl-3,5-bisterpyridylbenzene (BTBB), were developed. Glass transition temperatures of BBTB and BTBB were 93 degrees C and 108 degrees C, respectively, and BTBB was completely amorphous with no melting point. Electron mobilities of BTBB exceeded the order of 10(-4) cm(2) V-1 s(-1), while those of BBTB were very high and reached 10(-3) cm(2) V-1 s(-1) at an electric field of approximately 500 kV cm(-2). These high mobilities contributed to a low voltage operation. For example, in the case of the conventional aluminum trisquinolinol (Alq)-based fluorescent OLED with BTBB, current densities of 3.5 mA cm(-2) and 100 mA cm(-2) were reached at voltages of 3.0 V and 4.5 V, respectively. In addition, ionization potentials of BBTB (6.33 eV) and BTBB (6.50 eV) were sufficiently large to confine holes in common emissive layers.ArticleJOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. 22(14):6765-6773 (2012)journal articl